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Command reference for programmers

 requirements.txt file for installing python packages

You can use a requirements.txt file to install multiple Python packages at once.

 1. Create a requirements.txt file

This file should list all the packages you want to install, with each package on a new line. Example:

makefile

numpy==1.23.1
pandas>=1.5
requests
matplotlib<=3.6
  • == specifies an exact version.
  • >= installs a minimum version.
  • <= installs up to a certain version.

2. Install packages using requirements.txt

Run the following command in your terminal or command prompt:



pip install -r requirements.txt

This will install all the packages listed in the file.

3. Generate a requirements.txt file (Optional)

If you already have packages installed in your environment and want to create a requirements.txt file, run:


pip freeze > requirements.txt

This will generate a list of installed packages with their versions. Please note that output may be a dump of all packages in the environment that may not be very useful. 


Creating and using virtual environment in python

Using minoconda:

There is a detailed post here, for quick reference here is the command to be used:

conda create --name myenv python=3.9 conda activate myenv


mentioning python and its version is not mandatory if you want to use a common python


Using built-in python virtual environment:

python -m venv myenv
myenv\Scripts\activate     # On Windows


Github commands quick reference


Clone:

git clone https://github.com/username/repo.git

Create new repo (local):

git init
[or git init --initial-branch=main # If default branch name to be main]
git add .
git commit -m "Initial commit"
git branch -M main
git remote add origin https://github.com/username/repo.git
git push -u origin main

Working with changes:

git status         # Check status of changes
git add file.py    # Stage a file
git add .          # Stage all changes
git commit -m "Message"  # Commit changes
git push origin main     # Push to remote repo

Pull latest change:

git pull origin main  # Get latest changes

Working with branches:

git branch feature-branch       # Create new branch
git checkout feature-branch     # Switch to branch
git switch feature-branch       # Alternative (modern)
git checkout -b new-feature     # Create & switch
git push -u origin new-feature  # Push branch to remote

Merge branches:

git checkout main
git merge feature-branch
git push origin main


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