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How to achieve quality goals?

 Below is a concise architecture decision table mapping each quality attribute to typical architectural tactics/strategies and concrete solution approaches. This is structured so an architect can derive candidate solutions and design constraints for each goal.

Quality AttributeArchitectural Tactics / StrategiesTypical Solution Approaches / PatternsKey Design & Technology ChoicesTrade-offs / Risks
AvailabilityRedundancy, failover, fault isolation, health monitoringActive-active or active-passive clusters; load balancers; circuit breaker; bulkheadMulti-AZ / multi-region deployment; container orchestration self-healing; health probesHigher cost; data consistency complexity
ScalabilityHorizontal scaling, partitioning, elasticityStateless services; sharding; event-driven architecture; autoscalingMicroservices; message queues/streams; distributed cache; autoscaling groupsOperational complexity; distributed data issues
PerformanceReduce latency, increase throughput, concurrencyCaching layers; async processing; CQRS; read replicasIn-memory cache; CDN; async messaging; optimized DB indexesCache invalidation; eventual consistency
InteroperabilityStandardization, loose coupling, contract governanceAPI-first; canonical data model; adapters; ESB/event meshREST/GraphQL APIs; schema registry; integration middlewareVersioning overhead; mapping complexity
ModifiabilitySeparation of concerns, encapsulation, low couplingLayered/hexagonal architecture; microservices; plugin modulesDomain-driven design; dependency inversion; feature flagsMore components; governance needed
TestabilityObservability, isolation, determinismDependency injection; test harness; service virtualization; CI pipelinesContract tests; mocks/stubs; ephemeral test env; test data mgmtTooling overhead; environment cost
SecurityDefense-in-depth, least privilege, trust boundariesZero-trust; IAM; encryption; secure gateway; secrets mgmtTLS everywhere; OAuth2/OIDC; WAF; key vault; security scanningLatency; operational burden
ReliabilityFault tolerance, graceful degradation, recoveryRetry/backoff; idempotency; saga; replication; checkpointingDurable messaging; transaction logs; health monitoring; chaos testingComplexity; duplicate handling
MaintainabilitySimplicity, observability, automationStandard frameworks; logging/metrics/tracing; IaC; CI/CDCentralized logging; APM; automated deployment; coding standardsTool sprawl; skill requirements
Cost EfficiencyResource optimization, right-sizing, elasticityServerless; autoscaling; spot/reserved capacity; multi-tenantUsage-based services; storage tiering; lifecycle policiesVendor lock-in; performance variability
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